• The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a serious worldwide epidemiological burden
• There were 200 000 new kidney cancer cases in 2002
• RCC accounts for approximately 90% of all renal tumours, and 25-30% of patients with RCC present with metastatic disease (mRCC)
• However, there have been a number of recent breakthroughs in the treatment of mRCC
• This review discusses the epidemiology and unmet medical needs of mRCC, as well as addressing some of the issues in achieving an accurate prognosis and assessing response to therapy in the context of current management of patients
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