European Urology

Abstract

Context

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has long been treated only by immunotherapy with good results only in a small population of patients. In recent years, major improvements in treatment possibilities have occurred with the advent of anti-angiogenic drugs. In the past 2 yr, pivotal phase III trials have confirmed this major breakthrough by increasing the progression-free survival rates and/or overall survival rates provided by sunitinib, sorafenib, and bevacizumab, and more recently by the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus.

Objective

To update the previous review on smart drugs published in the European Journal in 2006 (Patard JJ, et al. Understanding the importance of smart drugs in renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2006; 49:633–43).

Evidence acquisition

Critical review of published literature 2006–2008 (Pubmed website search words: renal cell carcinoma and/or targeted therapy and prospective trials) and more recent meeting abstracts (American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007). Quality assessment included prospective phase I–III trials and critical evaluations with low numbers of patients, retrospective analyses, and slide presentations of meeting abstracts.

Evidence synthesis

This review presents the current situation and provides more recent data on sequential treatment, the association of targeted drugs, and the treatment of non–clear-cell histologies.

Conclusions

Treatment of mRCC with targeted therapy centers on at least two major pathways: angiogenesis and mTOR involving inhibiting drugs that may be used alone, in combination, or sequentially.

Take Home Message

Major clinically applicable information on the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has emerged in the last couple of years. This paper reviews sunitinib, bevacizumab, sorafenib, temsirolimus, and everolimus.