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European Urology
Volume 41, issue 2, pages 105-226, February 2002Guidelines on Bladder Cancer
Published online 14 February 2002, pages 105 - 112
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Abstract
Objectives: On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of bladder cancer patients were established. Criteria for recommendations were evidence based, and included aspects of cost-effectiveness and clinical feasibility.
Method: A systematic literature research using Medline Services was conducted. References were weighted by a panel of experts.
Results: TNM 1997 classification and WHO grading 1998 are recommended. Recommendations are developed for diagnosis for bladder cancer in general, treatment of superficial and infiltrative bladder cancer, and follow-up after different types of treatment modalities, such as intravesical instillations, radical cystectomy, urinary diversions, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Keywords: Bladder cancer, Superficial bladder cancer, Guidelines.
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